What is a pterygium?

Pterygia are small growths of tissue on the conjunctiva. The growths often look wing-shaped and have blood vessels going through them. Pterygia are usually found on the white part of the eye, just to the left or right side of the cornea but can grow over the cornea. Long-term exposure to sunlight and irritation from dust or wind are thought to cause this condition. Pterygia are not contagious. They can become larger over time but at a slow rate.

What are the symptoms?

Usually these growths do not cause any symptoms or serious vision issues. There can be dryness or itching in the eyes. Occasionally pterygia become swollen and cause irritation. If they grow over the cornea, they can affect the vision.

How is this diagnosed?

A comprehensive eye exam will allow doctors to see if there is a bump on the conjunctiva. Doctors will look for signs of inflammation and infection.

How is this treated?

Many patients do not require treatment. Lubricating drops or steroid drops can help with any symptoms of dryness, irritation, or swelling. Good sunglasses and protective eyewear are important to prevent worsening of pterygia. If a pterygium grows large enough to cause visual symptoms, it can be surgically removed. Once it is removed, a small piece of normal tissue is implanted in that area to prevent the pterygium from coming back.